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Many ofĪder’s results mesh well with the regularities uncovered in classicalĬonditioning research. Influence the immune system (see Harrington, 1997). Held at the time that conditioning procedures could not The saccharin solution had become a CS (placebo),Ĭapable of eliciting immunosuppression (the placebo effect).Īder’s groundbreaking experiments caused a stir, for it was generally

Number of pairings, the saccharine solution administered aloneīrought about a decreased immune response in the rats (Ader &Ĭohen, 1975). Liquid with the immunosuppressant cyclophosphamide. Ader and Cohen (1975) paired a novel saccharine-flavored Nonhuman animals involved conditioned immunosuppression in One of the most dramatic demonstrations of a placebo effect in In particular, you might like to read the discussion on how the immune systems of mammals have been demonstrated to be suppressed through 'placebos': I recommend reading this paper on the issue: The Placebo Effect: Dissolving the Expectancy Versus Conditioning Debate. The reason why is because the placebo effect is, at least in part, caused by classical conditioning which operates by manipulating bodily processes through environmental cues. Where is this study? I can find the study mentioned on a number of places on the web, and in the popular book The Happiness Advantage, but all of these places either do not cite their source or point back to the NYTimes article. I can't find any citation in the article. All 13 broke out in rash where the harmless leaf contacted their skin. Each was rubbed on one arm with a harmless leaf but were told it was poison ivy and touched on the other arm with poison ivy and told it was harmless. For example, a study was carried out in Japan on 13 people who were extremely allergic to poison ivy. While placebos can act globally on the body, they can also have extremely specific effects. But that is not the only explanation, he said. I stumbled across an NYTimes article from 1998, Placebos Prove So Powerful Even Experts Are Surprised, and one of the claims in the article stretched my credulity to its limit:įor a while, many scientists thought that placebos might work by releasing the body's natural morphine-like substances, called endorphins.